fix(memory): gate past-context lessons to point-in-time in backtests

- get_past_context returned every resolved lesson regardless of the run date, so
  a historical run could learn from an outcome that had not happened yet
- record each resolved entry's resolution date (the last price bar used) and
  filter get_past_context(as_of=trade_date) on it for a historical run; a
  current-date run passes None so live behavior and pre-migration entries (no
  stored resolution date, conservatively excluded from backtests) are unaffected #1251

tests/test_memory_log.py

@@ -54,9 +54,14 @@ def _resolve_entry(log, ticker, date, decision, reflection="Good call."):
     log.update_with_outcome(ticker, date, 0.05, 0.02, 5, reflection)
 
 
-def _price_df(prices):
+def _price_df(prices, start="2026-01-05"):
-    """Minimal DataFrame matching yfinance .history() output shape."""
+    """Minimal DataFrame matching yfinance .history() output shape.
-    return pd.DataFrame({"Close": prices})
+
+    Uses a DatetimeIndex like real yfinance output, so resolution-date
+    extraction (stock.index[actual_days]) works (#1251).
+    """
+    idx = pd.date_range(start=start, periods=len(prices), freq="D")
+    return pd.DataFrame({"Close": prices}, index=idx)
 
 
 def _make_pm_state(past_context=""):
@@ -496,30 +501,32 @@ class TestDeferredReflection:
                 m.history.return_value = _price_df(spy_prices if sym == "SPY" else stock_prices)
                 return m
             mock_ticker_cls.side_effect = _make_ticker
-            raw, alpha, days = TradingAgentsGraph._fetch_returns(mock_graph, "NVDA", "2026-01-05")
+            raw, alpha, days, resolved = TradingAgentsGraph._fetch_returns(mock_graph, "NVDA", "2026-01-05")
         assert raw is not None and alpha is not None and days is not None
         assert isinstance(raw, float) and isinstance(alpha, float) and isinstance(days, int)
         assert days == 5
+        # resolution date = the bar `days` sessions after the trade date (#1251)
+        assert resolved == "2026-01-10"
 
     def test_fetch_returns_too_recent(self):
-        """Only 1 data point available → returns (None, None, None), no crash."""
+        """Only 1 data point available → returns all-None, no crash."""
         mock_graph = MagicMock(spec=TradingAgentsGraph)
         with patch("yfinance.Ticker") as mock_ticker_cls:
             m = MagicMock()
             m.history.return_value = _price_df([100.0])
             mock_ticker_cls.return_value = m
-            raw, alpha, days = TradingAgentsGraph._fetch_returns(mock_graph, "NVDA", "2026-04-19")
+            raw, alpha, days, resolved = TradingAgentsGraph._fetch_returns(mock_graph, "NVDA", "2026-04-19")
-        assert raw is None and alpha is None and days is None
+        assert (raw, alpha, days, resolved) == (None, None, None, None)
 
     def test_fetch_returns_delisted(self):
-        """Empty DataFrame → returns (None, None, None), no crash."""
+        """Empty DataFrame → returns all-None, no crash."""
         mock_graph = MagicMock(spec=TradingAgentsGraph)
         with patch("yfinance.Ticker") as mock_ticker_cls:
             m = MagicMock()
             m.history.return_value = pd.DataFrame({"Close": []})
             mock_ticker_cls.return_value = m
-            raw, alpha, days = TradingAgentsGraph._fetch_returns(mock_graph, "XXXXXFAKE", "2026-01-10")
+            raw, alpha, days, resolved = TradingAgentsGraph._fetch_returns(mock_graph, "XXXXXFAKE", "2026-01-10")
-        assert raw is None and alpha is None and days is None
+        assert (raw, alpha, days, resolved) == (None, None, None, None)
 
     def test_fetch_returns_spy_shorter_than_stock(self):
         """SPY having fewer rows than the stock must not raise IndexError."""
@@ -532,9 +539,10 @@ class TestDeferredReflection:
                 m.history.return_value = _price_df(spy_prices if sym == "SPY" else stock_prices)
                 return m
             mock_ticker_cls.side_effect = _make_ticker
-            raw, alpha, days = TradingAgentsGraph._fetch_returns(mock_graph, "NVDA", "2026-01-05")
+            raw, alpha, days, resolved = TradingAgentsGraph._fetch_returns(mock_graph, "NVDA", "2026-01-05")
         assert raw is not None and alpha is not None and days is not None
         assert days == 2
+        assert resolved == "2026-01-07"  # 2 sessions after the trade date
 
     # TradingAgentsGraph._resolve_benchmark — picks index for alpha calc
 
@@ -641,7 +649,7 @@ class TestDeferredReflection:
         log.store_decision("AAPL", "2026-01-10", DECISION_BUY)
         mock_graph = MagicMock(spec=TradingAgentsGraph)
         mock_graph.memory_log = log
-        mock_graph._fetch_returns = MagicMock(return_value=(0.05, 0.02, 5))
+        mock_graph._fetch_returns = MagicMock(return_value=(0.05, 0.02, 5, "2026-01-12"))
         TradingAgentsGraph._resolve_pending_entries(mock_graph, "NVDA")
         mock_graph._fetch_returns.assert_not_called()
         assert len(log.get_pending_entries()) == 1
@@ -655,7 +663,7 @@ class TestDeferredReflection:
         mock_graph = MagicMock(spec=TradingAgentsGraph)
         mock_graph.memory_log = log
         mock_graph.reflector = mock_reflector
-        mock_graph._fetch_returns = MagicMock(return_value=(0.05, 0.02, 5))
+        mock_graph._fetch_returns = MagicMock(return_value=(0.05, 0.02, 5, "2026-01-12"))
         TradingAgentsGraph._resolve_pending_entries(mock_graph, "NVDA")
         assert log.get_pending_entries() == []
         entries = log.load_entries()

tests/test_memory_pointintime.py

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+"""Memory-log lessons must be point-in-time safe in a backtest (#1251).
+
+get_past_context previously returned every resolved lesson regardless of the run
+date, so a historical run could learn from an outcome that had not happened yet.
+Resolved entries now record the date their outcome became known (``resolved:``),
+and get_past_context(as_of=...) filters on it. Legacy entries without a
+resolution date are excluded from a point-in-time query (conservative migration).
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from tradingagents.agents.utils.memory import TradingMemoryLog
+
+
+def _log(tmp_path):
+    return TradingMemoryLog({"memory_log_path": str(tmp_path / "mem.md")})
+
+
+def _resolve(log, ticker, date, resolution_date, reflection):
+    log.store_decision(ticker, date, f"Rating: Buy\n{reflection}")
+    log.update_with_outcome(
+        ticker, date, 0.05, 0.02, 5, reflection, resolution_date=resolution_date,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_resolution_date_is_stored_and_parsed(tmp_path):
+    log = _log(tmp_path)
+    _resolve(log, "NVDA", "2026-01-05", "2026-01-10", "outcome known 01-10")
+    entry = log.load_entries()[0]
+    assert entry["resolved"] == "2026-01-10"
+    assert "resolved:2026-01-10" in (tmp_path / "mem.md").read_text()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_as_of_excludes_lessons_resolved_after_the_run_date(tmp_path):
+    log = _log(tmp_path)
+    # Decision on 01-05, outcome only known on 01-10.
+    _resolve(log, "NVDA", "2026-01-05", "2026-01-10", "great trade")
+
+    # A run as-of 01-07 must NOT see it (the outcome was still in the future).
+    assert log.get_past_context("NVDA", as_of="2026-01-07") == ""
+    # A run as-of 01-10 (and later) sees it.
+    assert "great trade" in log.get_past_context("NVDA", as_of="2026-01-10")
+    assert "great trade" in log.get_past_context("NVDA", as_of="2026-02-01")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_no_as_of_is_unfiltered_live_behavior(tmp_path):
+    log = _log(tmp_path)
+    _resolve(log, "NVDA", "2026-01-05", "2026-01-10", "great trade")
+    # Live run (no as_of): unchanged behavior, lesson is shown.
+    assert "great trade" in log.get_past_context("NVDA")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_legacy_entry_without_resolution_date_excluded_in_backtest(tmp_path):
+    log = _log(tmp_path)
+    # Simulate a pre-migration resolved entry: no resolution_date recorded.
+    log.store_decision("NVDA", "2026-01-05", "Rating: Buy\nlegacy lesson")
+    log.update_with_outcome("NVDA", "2026-01-05", 0.05, 0.02, 5, "legacy lesson")
+    entry = log.load_entries()[0]
+    assert entry["resolved"] is None
+
+    # Conservative: excluded from a point-in-time query (can't prove it was known)...
+    assert log.get_past_context("NVDA", as_of="2026-06-01") == ""
+    # ...but still available on a live (unfiltered) run.
+    assert "legacy lesson" in log.get_past_context("NVDA")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_cross_ticker_lessons_are_also_gated(tmp_path):
+    log = _log(tmp_path)
+    _resolve(log, "AAPL", "2026-01-05", "2026-01-10", "cross lesson")
+    # Querying a different ticker as-of before resolution: no cross lesson leaks.
+    assert log.get_past_context("NVDA", as_of="2026-01-07") == ""
+    assert "cross lesson" in log.get_past_context("NVDA", as_of="2026-01-10")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_memory_as_of_gates_historical_but_not_live():
+    # The graph filters only for a past trade date; a current-date run passes
+    # None so live behavior and legacy entries are unaffected (#1251).
+    from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+
+    from tradingagents.graph.trading_graph import TradingAgentsGraph
+
+    g = object.__new__(TradingAgentsGraph)
+    past = "2024-01-01"
+    today = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+    future = (datetime.now() + timedelta(days=30)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+    assert g._memory_as_of(past) == past       # backtest -> filter on the trade date
+    assert g._memory_as_of(today) is None      # live -> no filter
+    assert g._memory_as_of(future) is None     # future-dated run -> no filter

tests/test_symbol_normalization_paths.py

@@ -41,18 +41,21 @@ def test_fetch_returns_normalizes_symbol(monkeypatch):
             queried.append(symbol)
 
         def history(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            return pd.DataFrame({"Close": [100.0, 101.0, 102.0, 103.0, 104.0, 105.0, 106.0]})
+            prices = [100.0, 101.0, 102.0, 103.0, 104.0, 105.0, 106.0]
+            idx = pd.date_range(start="2025-01-02", periods=len(prices), freq="D")
+            return pd.DataFrame({"Close": prices}, index=idx)
 
     monkeypatch.setattr(tg.yf, "Ticker", FakeTicker)
 
     # _fetch_returns does not use ``self``; call unbound to avoid building the graph.
-    raw, alpha, days = TradingAgentsGraph._fetch_returns(
+    raw, alpha, days, resolved = TradingAgentsGraph._fetch_returns(
         None, "XAUUSD", "2025-01-02", holding_days=5, benchmark="SPY"
     )
 
     assert queried[0] == "GC=F"  # stock symbol normalized (#984)
     assert queried[1] == "SPY"   # benchmark left as the canonical symbol
     assert raw is not None and days is not None
+    assert resolved == "2025-01-07"  # resolution date recorded (#1251)
 
 
 def test_news_lookup_normalizes_symbol(monkeypatch):

tradingagents/agents/utils/memory.py

@@ -67,9 +67,21 @@ class TradingMemoryLog:
         """Return entries with outcome:pending (for Phase B)."""
         return [e for e in self.load_entries() if e.get("pending")]
 
-    def get_past_context(self, ticker: str, n_same: int = 5, n_cross: int = 3) -> str:
+    def get_past_context(
-        """Return formatted past context string for agent prompt injection."""
+        self, ticker: str, n_same: int = 5, n_cross: int = 3, as_of: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
+        """Return formatted past context string for agent prompt injection.
+
+        When ``as_of`` (yyyy-mm-dd) is given, only lessons whose outcome was
+        already known by that date are included — an entry is kept only if it
+        stores a resolution date (``resolved:...``) that is on or before
+        ``as_of``. This keeps a historical/backtest run from learning from
+        outcomes that had not happened yet (#1251). ``as_of=None`` disables the
+        filter, so live runs and pre-migration entries are unaffected.
+        """
         entries = [e for e in self.load_entries() if not e.get("pending")]
+        if as_of is not None:
+            entries = [e for e in entries if e.get("resolved") and e["resolved"] <= as_of]
         if not entries:
             return ""
 
@@ -104,12 +116,14 @@ class TradingMemoryLog:
         alpha_return: float,
         holding_days: int,
         reflection: str,
+        resolution_date: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Replace pending tag and append REFLECTION section using atomic write.
 
         Finds the first pending entry matching (trade_date, ticker), updates
-        its tag with return figures, and appends a REFLECTION section.  Uses
+        its tag with return figures (and the ``resolution_date`` the outcome
-        a temp-file + os.replace() so a crash mid-write never corrupts the log.
+        became known), and appends a REFLECTION section.  Uses a temp-file +
+        os.replace() so a crash mid-write never corrupts the log.
         """
         if not self._log_path or not self._log_path.exists():
             return
@@ -140,9 +154,8 @@ class TradingMemoryLog:
                 # Parse rating from the existing pending tag
                 fields = [f.strip() for f in tag_line[1:-1].split("|")]
                 rating = fields[2]
-                new_tag = (
+                new_tag = self._resolved_tag(
-                    f"[{trade_date} | {ticker} | {rating}"
+                    trade_date, ticker, rating, raw_pct, alpha_pct, holding_days, resolution_date
-                    f" | {raw_pct} | {alpha_pct} | {holding_days}d]"
                 )
                 rest = "\n".join(lines[1:])
                 new_blocks.append(
@@ -194,9 +207,9 @@ class TradingMemoryLog:
                     rating = fields[2]
                     raw_pct = f"{upd['raw_return']:+.1%}"
                     alpha_pct = f"{upd['alpha_return']:+.1%}"
-                    new_tag = (
+                    new_tag = self._resolved_tag(
-                        f"[{trade_date} | {ticker} | {rating}"
+                        trade_date, ticker, rating, raw_pct, alpha_pct,
-                        f" | {raw_pct} | {alpha_pct} | {upd['holding_days']}d]"
+                        upd["holding_days"], upd.get("resolution_date"),
                     )
                     rest = "\n".join(lines[1:])
                     new_blocks.append(
@@ -217,6 +230,21 @@ class TradingMemoryLog:
 
     # --- Helpers ---
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _resolved_tag(
+        trade_date, ticker, rating, raw_pct, alpha_pct, holding_days, resolution_date
+    ) -> str:
+        """Build a resolved entry tag, recording the outcome's known-by date.
+
+        ``resolution_date`` (the date of the last price bar used for the return)
+        is the point-in-time cutoff a later run filters on (#1251). Omitted when
+        unavailable, keeping the legacy 6-field tag.
+        """
+        tag = f"[{trade_date} | {ticker} | {rating} | {raw_pct} | {alpha_pct} | {holding_days}d"
+        if resolution_date:
+            tag += f" | resolved:{resolution_date}"
+        return tag + "]"
+
     def _apply_rotation(self, blocks: list[str]) -> list[str]:
         """Drop oldest resolved blocks when their count exceeds max_entries.
 
@@ -264,6 +292,12 @@ class TradingMemoryLog:
         fields = [f.strip() for f in tag_line[1:-1].split("|")]
         if len(fields) < 4:
             return None
+        # Optional trailing "resolved:YYYY-MM-DD" field records when the outcome
+        # became known, for point-in-time filtering (#1251).
+        resolved = None
+        for f in fields[6:]:
+            if f.startswith("resolved:"):
+                resolved = f[len("resolved:"):].strip()
         entry = {
             "date": fields[0],
             "ticker": fields[1],
@@ -272,6 +306,7 @@ class TradingMemoryLog:
             "raw": fields[3] if fields[3] != "pending" else None,
             "alpha": fields[4] if len(fields) > 4 else None,
             "holding": fields[5] if len(fields) > 5 else None,
+            "resolved": resolved,
         }
         body = "\n".join(lines[1:]).strip()
         decision_match = self._DECISION_RE.search(body)

tradingagents/graph/trading_graph.py

@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ class TradingAgentsGraph:
     def _fetch_returns(
         self, ticker: str, trade_date: str, holding_days: int = 5,
         benchmark: str = "SPY",
-    ) -> tuple[float | None, float | None, int | None]:
+    ) -> tuple[float | None, float | None, int | None, str | None]:
         """Fetch raw and alpha return for ticker over holding_days from trade_date.
 
         ``benchmark`` is the index used as the alpha baseline (resolved by the
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ class TradingAgentsGraph:
             bench = yf.Ticker(benchmark).history(start=trade_date, end=end_str)
 
             if len(stock) < 2 or len(bench) < 2:
-                return None, None, None
+                return None, None, None, None
 
             actual_days = min(holding_days, len(stock) - 1, len(bench) - 1)
             raw = float(
@@ -306,13 +306,16 @@ class TradingAgentsGraph:
                 / bench["Close"].iloc[0]
             )
             alpha = raw - bench_ret
-            return raw, alpha, actual_days
+            # The date of the last price bar used is when this outcome became
+            # known — the point-in-time cutoff for injecting the lesson (#1251).
+            resolution_date = stock.index[actual_days].strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+            return raw, alpha, actual_days, resolution_date
         except Exception as e:
             logger.warning(
                 "Could not resolve outcome for %s on %s vs %s (will retry next run): %s",
                 ticker, trade_date, benchmark, e,
             )
-            return None, None, None
+            return None, None, None, None
 
     def _resolve_pending_entries(self, ticker: str) -> None:
         """Resolve pending log entries for ticker at the start of a new run.
@@ -331,7 +334,7 @@ class TradingAgentsGraph:
         benchmark = self._resolve_benchmark(ticker)
         updates = []
         for entry in pending:
-            raw, alpha, days = self._fetch_returns(
+            raw, alpha, days, resolution_date = self._fetch_returns(
                 ticker, entry["date"], benchmark=benchmark,
             )
             if raw is None:
@@ -349,6 +352,7 @@ class TradingAgentsGraph:
                 "alpha_return": alpha,
                 "holding_days": days,
                 "reflection": reflection,
+                "resolution_date": resolution_date,
             })
 
         if updates:
@@ -366,6 +370,17 @@ class TradingAgentsGraph:
         identity = resolve_instrument_identity(ticker)
         return build_instrument_context(ticker, asset_type, identity)
 
+    def _memory_as_of(self, trade_date) -> str | None:
+        """Point-in-time cutoff for past-context lessons (#1251).
+
+        A historical/backtest run (trade date before today) filters lessons to
+        those already resolved by the trade date. A current-date run returns
+        None, disabling the filter so live behavior and pre-migration entries
+        (which have no stored resolution date) are unaffected.
+        """
+        td = str(trade_date)
+        return td if td < datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d") else None
+
     def _run_signature(self, asset_type: str) -> str:
         """Graph-shape inputs that must invalidate a checkpoint if changed.
 
@@ -476,8 +491,12 @@ class TradingAgentsGraph:
                    checkpoint_thread_id: str | None = None):
         """Execute the graph and write the resulting state to disk and memory log."""
         # Initialize state — inject memory log context for PM and the
-        # deterministically resolved instrument identity for all agents.
+        # deterministically resolved instrument identity for all agents. On a
-        past_context = self.memory_log.get_past_context(company_name)
+        # historical run, gate lessons to those whose outcome was known by the
+        # trade date so a backtest can't learn from the future (#1251).
+        past_context = self.memory_log.get_past_context(
+            company_name, as_of=self._memory_as_of(trade_date)
+        )
         instrument_context = self.resolve_instrument_context(company_name, asset_type)
         init_agent_state = self.propagator.create_initial_state(
             company_name,